Professor Lee Ford
PhD, BEng
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Professor in Electromagnetic Structure Design
Communications Research Group
Director of Learning and Teaching (Strategy)
l.ford@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 5904
+44 114 222 5904
Full contact details
Professor Lee Ford
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Profile
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I received my BEng degree and PhD degrees in electronic engineering from the University of ºù«Ӱҵ in 1998 and 2003 respectively. Following a research position at BAE SYSTEMS (Stealth materials), between 2001 and 2005, I became a lecturer in communications. I was appointed Professor in 2019.
I am also a senior member of the IEEE. My research interests focus on antennas and metamaterials for a range of applications.
Antennas are used in a multitude of applications and my current interests are in the fundamental aspects of reconfigurable antennas for cellular applications such as 5G and beyond 5G (B5G).
This includes frequency agile antennas for both handsets and basestation transceiver stations (BTS). I am also carrying out research into direct antenna modulation which has applications in 5G, B5G and the internet of things (IoT).
Metamaterials are of interest globally for their unique properties that are often not found in nature. My research group are currently applying these structures for applications such as medical resonance imaging (MRI) to improve image quality for clinical diagnosis, and antenna beam reconfigurability for cellular and wireless communications.
I also have interests in general electromagnetic material characterisation which cover basic material properties, full field design, manufacture, and measurement of scattering.
I have a range of measurement capabilities, including waveguide, freespace reflection/transmission, and a 3D radar cross section (RCS) facility.
- Qualifications
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- PhD (Electronic Engineering, University of ºù«Ӱҵ), 2003
- BEng (Electronic Engineering - Communications, University of ºù«Ӱҵ), 1998
- Research interests
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- Direct antenna modulation
- Metasurfaces for magnetic resonance imaging applications
- Reconfigurable antennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces
- Electrically small antennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces
- Novel radar absorbing material (RAM) design
- Radar cross-section management
- Electromagnetic material characterisation
- Publications
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Journal articles
- . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(1), 550-562.
- . IET Communications, 16(20), 2492-2500.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 69(3), 1483-1492.
- . IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 39(4), 1085-1093.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 68(1), 111-120.
- . IEEE Access, 7, 183770-183782.
- . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(12), 11848-11857.
- . IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 12(10), 1679-1683.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(12), 6290-6297.
- . IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, 16, 2038-2041.
- . IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 10(13), 1378-1383.
- . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, 64(1), 251-261.
- . PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER, 146, 195-207.
- . International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2014.
- . Electronics Letters, 49(14), 897-898.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(4), 2051-2057.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(4), 2301-2304.
- . ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 48(8), 425-U26.
- . IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(9), 4092-4101.
- Switchable on/off-body communication at 2.45 GHz using textile microstrip patch antenna on stripline. Electronics Letters, 48(5), 254-256.
- . Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 31, 153-168.
- . ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 48(2), 65-66.
- . IET RADAR SONAR NAV, 5(4), 483-488.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 46(22), 1480-1481.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 46(14), 971-972.
- . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 58(2), 581-584.
- . IET RADAR SONAR NAV, 3(6), 596-600.
- . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 57(9), 2732-2738.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 45(7), 339-U1.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 45(6), 294-U2.
- . MICROW OPT TECHN LET, 50(9), 2315-2317.
- . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 56(9), 3049-3052.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 44(18), 1054-U12.
- . MICROW OPT TECHN LET, 50(8), 2149-2151.
- . ELECTRON LETT, 44(6), 392-394.
- . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 56(1), 133-141.
- . IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG, 55(10), 2931-2934.
- . IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C, 49(2), 339-345.
- . J MATER CHEM, 13(1), 16-20.
- Topology for tunable radar absorbers. ELECTRON LETT, 36(15), 1304-1306.
- Smart microwave absorber. ELECTRON LETT, 36(1), 50-52.
- . IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation.
- . Electronics, 3(3), 491-503.
Conference proceedings papers
- . 2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 5 September 2023 - 8 September 2023.
- . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 26 March 2023 - 31 March 2023.
- . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 26 March 2023 - 31 March 2023.
- . 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 26 March 2023 - 31 March 2023.
- . 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI), 10 July 2022 - 15 July 2022.
- . 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 7 December 2021 - 11 December 2021.
- . 2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 31 August 2020 - 3 September 2020.
- . 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 15 March 2020 - 20 March 2020.
- . 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 15 March 2020 - 20 March 2020.
- . 2020 2nd 6G Wireless Summit (6G SUMMIT), 17 March 2020 - 20 March 2020.
- . 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, 7 July 2019 - 12 July 2019.
- . 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, 7 July 2019 - 12 July 2019.
- A Metasurface for Multi-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications at 1.5T. 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019
- . 2018 12th International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials), 27 August 2018 - 1 September 2018.
- . 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)
- Multiband tunable MIMO antenna. IET Conference Publications, Vol. 2018(CP746)
- . 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)
- . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017)
- . 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 24 September 2017 - 27 September 2017.
- . 2017 15th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks, WiOpt 2017
- . IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 2017-June
- . 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2017 (pp 731-734)
- . 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2017 (pp 3131-3134)
- . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2016
- . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2016
- . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017)
- . Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017)
- . 2017 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2017, Vol. 2017-January (pp 1-2)
- . 2016 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2016
- . 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2016
- . IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 0
- . 2015 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2015
- Selected Aspects of RF Signal Propagation in Buildings
- Wireless Friendly and Energy Efficient Buildings (WiFEEB). PIERS. Prague
- An Introduction to Physical-layer Security for Wireless Smart Cities. PIERS. Prague
- Investigation of the Use of Absorbing Materials for Indoor Co-Channel Applications. EUCAP. Lisbon, 13 April 2015 - 17 April 2015.
- . 2014 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 8 December 2014 - 10 December 2014.
- . 2014 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2014 (pp 169-172)
- . 2014 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 10 November 2014 - 11 November 2014.
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 620-622)
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 614-615)
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 1889-1892)
- Secure Electromagnetic Buildings
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 1899-1901)
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 25-26)
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014 (pp 623-624)
- . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
- . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
- . The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
- A Digitally Tuned Capacitor as an Active Element for Reconfigurable Artificial Magnetic Conductors. 2014 IEEE ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS (APACE)
- . 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014). The Hague, Netherlands, 6 April 2014 - 11 April 2014.
- . 2013 19th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2013 (pp 496-500)
- . 2013 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2013 (pp 510-513)
- . 2013 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2013 (pp 217-220)
- Switchable surface wave antenna for on/off-body communications. 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2013 (pp 1644-1647)
- . LAPC 2012 - 2012 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
- . 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, APCAP 2012 - Proceedings (pp 114-115)
- . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012 (pp 2388-2391)
- . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012 (pp 168-171)
- . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012 (pp 2712-2715)
- . Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2012 (pp 728-731)
- . LAPC 2011 - 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
- A stretchable PIFA antenna. LAPC 2011 - 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
- . Proceedings - 2011 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications, APWC'11 (pp 576-579)
- . LAPC 2011 - 2011 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference
- Flexible dipole and monopole antennas. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011 (pp 2052-2056)
- Slotline structure for on/off-body communications at 2.45 GHz. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011 (pp 525-529)
- . Proceedings - 2011 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, ICEAA'11 (pp 831-834)
- A reconfigurable miniaturised split ring antenna over AMC surface. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011 (pp 1068-1070)
- Independently reconfigurable multiband high impedance surface for L, C, X and Ku Radar Bands. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011 (pp 1890-1894)
- . 2010 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 8 November 2010 - 9 November 2010.
- . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting - Leading the Wave, AP-S/URSI 2010
- Tunable Antennas and AMC Structures. Antennas and Propagation Symposium (APS)
- . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2010 (pp 333-336)
- . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2010 (pp 421-424)
- . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2010 (pp 529-531)
- . 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2010 (pp 305-308)
- . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting - Leading the Wave, AP-S/URSI 2010
- Oblique incidence optimisation of a pyramidal absorber using a frequency selective surface. EuCAP 2010 - The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation
- . 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting - Leading the Wave, AP-S/URSI 2010
- Miniaturised frequency selective surface. EuCAP 2010 - The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation
- Tunable antennas and band gap surfaces. Adaptable and Tunable Antenna Technology for Handsets and Mobile Computing Products, 2009 IET Seminar on (pp 1-34)
- . Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2009 - Conference Proceedings (pp 217-220)
- . Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC 2009 - Conference Proceedings (pp 18-21)
- Optimisation of a Stepped Permittivity Impedance Loaded (SPIL) Absorber. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 2589-2591)
- Genetic Algorithm Optimisation of Pyramidal Absorbers Loaded with a Binary FSS. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 3753-3755)
- Independently Tuneable Dual Band Single Layer EBG. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 1579-1582)
- Miniaturised Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface. 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 (pp 1820-1823)
- . 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 5 July 2008 - 11 July 2008.
- . IET Seminar Digest, Vol. 2008(12219) (pp 167-172)
- . 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC (pp 141-144)
- . IET Seminar Digest, Vol. 2008(12338)
- . 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, LAPC (pp 137-140)
- Novel Planar Band Pass Lump-Loaded Frequency Selective Surface. 2008 IEEE MIT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE WORKSHOP SERIES ON ART OF MINIATURIZING RF AND MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS (pp 87-89)
- EFFECT OF ELEMENT FAILURE IN ACTIVE COATINGS FOR WIND TURBINE GENERATOR BLADES. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1424-1427)
- Dipole Radiation Steering using an Active Artificial Magnetic Conductor. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1088-1091)
- DESIGN AND REALISATION OF ACTIVE COATINGS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES. 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 (pp 1420-1423)
- Active frequency selective surface using PIN diodes. IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (pp 4097-4100). Honolulu, HI
- Active Frequency Selective Surface design for WLAN. 10th Australian Symposium on Antennas. Sydney, Australia
- Plastic THz Band-Pass Filters and Applications. IRMMW. Cardiff
- . IRMMW-THz2007 - Conference Digest of the Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimetre Waves, and 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics (pp 297-298)
- . IET Seminar Digest, Vol. 2007(11961)
- . IET Seminar Digest, Vol. 2007(11961)
- . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest) (pp 4076-4079)
- . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest) (pp 4525-4528)
- Pyramidal absorbers loaded with resistive FSS. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 4125-4128)
- Antenna radiation pattern control using EBG/AMC surfaces for street furniture applications. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 3711-3714)
- Optimum performance of pyramidal absorbers using impedance loading layers. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 4089-4092)
- Tuneable compact antenna design using active EBGs. 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 (pp 2683-2686)
- A new approach to the design of low frequency radar absorbent materials. 2007 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas, Metamaterials and Applications (pp 353-356)
- An Active Single Layer Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface. Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Symposium (LAPC). Loughborough, UK
- FSS-Loaded Pyramidal Absorber. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). Texas, USA
- . IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest) (pp 1955-1958)
- RCS Measurements using a Quasi Optical Focused Beam System. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). Atlanta, USA
- An Approach to the Evaluation of Uncertainties for Complex RCS Measurement Data. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
- Microwave Characterisation of Materials in Free Space over the Frequency Range of 1.7 to 5.8GHz. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
- Electrochemical and microwave characterisation of 'microwave smart windows' based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composites. SMART MATERIALS II, Vol. 4934 (pp 200-209)
- Tunable single layer phase modulated radar absorber. ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1 AND 2(480) (pp 588-592)
- Tunable radar absorbers using frequency selective surfaces. ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1 AND 2(480) (pp 593-597)
- Materials and techniques for controllable microwave surfaces. FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Vol. 4073 (pp 109-120)
- Design and Application of Smart Absorbing and Reflecting Materials. Antenna Measurement and Technique Symposium (AMTA). USA
- Dynamically adaptive microwave structures. IEEE High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium (pp 54-59)
Datasets
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- . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(1), 550-562.
- Research group
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Previous PhD students
- Holtby DG
- Lee H
- Liu H
- Roberts J
- Professional activities and memberships
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- Professor in Electromagnetic Structure Design
- Teaching Strategy Director
- Research students
Student Degree Status Primary/Secondary Holtby D G PhD Graduated Primary Lee H PhD Graduated Primary Liu H PhD Graduated Primary Roberts J PhD Graduated Primary