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Keith first joined ºù«Ӱҵ Philosophy Department as a postgraduate student in the mid-1990s. While with the department, he wrote a PhD thesis under the supervision of Peter Carruthers, held a Temporary Lectureship, and was closely involved in the work of the .

In 1999, Keith joined the Philosophy Department at The Open University, first as Lecturer and later as Senior Lecturer. Throughout the 2000s, he worked on many of the OU's philosophy courses, wrote a textbook on consciousness, and served as director of the university's Mind, Meaning, and Rationality research group. For some years, he was also a Senior Member of Robinson College, Cambridge, and acted as the college's Director of Studies in Philosophy.

In 2008 Keith took extended leave for family reasons and relocated to Crete. In 2008-9 he was a Visiting Researcher in the Department of Philosophy and Social Studies at the University of Crete. He formally resigned his Open University post in 2011, but remains associated with the university as a Visiting Research Fellow. He also has a continuing association with the University of Crete and teaches on the Faculty of Medicine's interdisciplinary .

Keith then went on to explore the connections between this view and dual-process theories in cognitive and social psychology, working with Professor Jonathan Evans of the University of Plymouth. He and Jonathan co-organized a major conference on dual-process theories, held in Cambridge in 2006, and co-edited a follow-up collection,  (Oxford, 2009). Keith continues to explore applications of a layered conception of the mind, writing on topics such as delusions, implicit bias, and the nature of conscious thought.

Keith is married to philosopher . Maria and he currently live in Heraklion, Crete, with their three children, two dogs, a chinchilla, and other small pets.