Subject referencing styles

Find out which referencing styles are used by which departments at the University.

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U

Use the alphabetical list above to find and view the referencing guide/s available for your subject. Note that you should check any queries about referencing with your lecturer.

A

Aerospace Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

Animal and Plant Sciences

Animal and Plant Sciences uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Archaeology

Archaeology uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Architecture

Architecture uses either the Harvard or MHRA Footnotes style of referencing. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

Automatic Control and Systems Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

B

Biomedical Science

Biomedical Science uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Bioengineering

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

Biosciences

Biosciences uses the Harvard style of referencing:

C

Chemical and Biological Engineering

Chemical and Biological Engineering uses the Harvard style of referencing.

Chemistry

Chemistry uses the Royal Society of Chemistry referencing style:

Civil and Structural Engineering

Civil and Structural Engineering uses the Harvard style of referencing.

Chinese Studies

East Asian Studies uses the Harvard Style Referencing. The department requires you to use the guidance developed by the University of ��«Ӱҵ.

Computer Science

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

D

Dentistry

Dentistry uses the Harvard style of referencing.

Digital Humanities Institute

The Digital Humanities Institute recommends that you use either the MHRA Footnotes style of referencing, or Harvard.

However, you will not be penalised if you prefer to use a different style of referencing. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

E

East Asian Studies

East Asian Studies uses the Harvard Style Referencing. The department requires you to use the guidance developed by the University of ��«Ӱҵ.

Economics

Economics uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Education

The School of Education recommends an author-date referencing system. Two examples of acceptable author-date styles are the TUOS Harvard referencing guide and the TUOS APA referencing guide. There may be variations between styles, so whichever one you choose you must use this consistently throughout your work.

Electronic and Electrical Engineering

Electronic and Electrical Engineering uses the IEEE style of referencing

English and Theatre

English and Theatre uses either the MHRA Footnotes style of referencing, or Harvard. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

English Language and Linguistics

English Language and Linguistics uses the MHRA Author-Date style of referencing.

English Literature

English Literature uses either the MHRA Footnotes style of referencing, or Harvard. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

F

Film Studies

Film Studies uses the MHRA style of referencing.

French

See School of Languages and Cultures.

G

Geography

Geography uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Germanic Studies

See School of Languages and Cultures.

H

History

History uses the MHRA referencing style. The style guide required by the department is available on the History Student Hub at the bottom of the Assessment section.

Hispanic Studies

See School of Languages and Cultures.

Human Communication Sciences

Human Communication Sciences uses the APA style of referencing.

Human Nutrition

Human Nutrition uses the Vancouver style of referencing.

I

Information School

The Information School uses the APA style of referencing.

J

Japanese Studies

East Asian Studies uses the Harvard Style Referencing. The department requires you to use the guidance developed by the University of ��«Ӱҵ.

Journalism

Journalism uses the Harvard style of referencing.

K

Korean Studies

East Asian Studies used the Harvard style of referencing. The department requires you to use the guidance developed by the University of ��«Ӱҵ.

L

Landscape

Landscape uses either the Harvard style of referencing, or MHRA. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

School of Languages and Cultures

The School of Languages and Cultures uses either the Harvard style of referencing, MHRA Footnotes, or MHRA Author-Date. It doesn’t matter which referencing system you use, as long as you are consistent throughout. Conventionally, we would use MHRA for literary and cultural topics; and Harvard for linguistics, and political or social topics.

(for linguistics essays)

(for cultural studies essays)

Law

Law generally uses the OSCOLA or Harvard Styles of Referencing.

You should follow any guidance on the preparation of assessed work given by the academic setting the assignment. Be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

Linguistics

English Language and Linguistics uses the MHRA Author-Date style of referencing.

M

Management

The Management School uses the Harvard referencing style

Students on the MSc Occupational Psychology and MSc Work Psychology programmes should use the APA referencing style.

Materials Science and Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

Mathematics and Statistics

Mathematics and Statistics uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Mechanical Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering uses the IEEE and Harvard styles of referencing. Refer to your module handbook to determine the style of referencing to follow. Be consistent and follow the same style throughout your assignment.

Medicine

Medicine uses the Vancouver style of referencing.

Music

Music uses three different referencing styles: the APA style of referencing, Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Notes and Bibliography style and Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Author-Date style.

The referencing style you use will depend on which pathway you are on:

For modules in Composition, Music Technology, Music Psychology, and Music Industries use the APA style.
For modules in Musicology and Performance use the CMS Notes and Bibliography style.
For modules in Ethnomusicology use the CMS Author-Date style.

N

Neuroscience

Neuroscience uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Nursing and Midwifery

Nursing and Midwifery uses the Harvard style of referencing:

O

Orthoptics

Orthoptics uses the Harvard style of referencing.

P

Philosophy

Philosophy uses the MHRA Author-Date style of referencing.

Physics and Astronomy

Physics and Astronomy use two referencing styles. Use the AIP referencing style for Physics reports. Use the Harvard referencing style for Astronomy reports and essays.

For longer projects you can choose the most appropriate style - if in doubt seek advice from your tutor.

Politics

Politics uses either the Harvard style of referencing (author-date), or MHRA (footnotes). You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

Psychology

Psychology uses the APA style of referencing:

R

Religion, Theology and the Bible

Religion, Theology and the Bible uses the MHRA footnotes style of referencing.

Russian and Slavonic Studies

See School of Languages and Cultures.

S

ScHARR

ScHARR uses the Harvard style of referencing.

School of Languages and Cultures

See School of Languages and Cultures.

��«Ӱҵ Methods Institute

The ��«Ӱҵ Methods Institute uses the Harvard style of referencing:

Sociological Studies

Sociological Studies uses the Harvard style of referencing.

T

Theatre

English and Theatre uses either the MHRA Footnotes style of referencing, or Harvard. You can choose which style to use, but you must be consistent and use the same style throughout your assignment.

U

Urban Studies and Planning

Urban Studies and Planning uses the Harvard style of referencing: