ࡱ>  Fـ\p Danyal Mirza Ba==:p,8X@"1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Arial1Geneva1 Geneva1$Geneva1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1Geneva1.Times New Roman1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1Arial1Arial1Geneva1Geneva""#,##0;\-""#,##0""#,##0;[Red]\-""#,##0""#,##0.00;\-""#,##0.00#""#,##0.00;[Red]\-""#,##0.005*0_-""* #,##0_-;\-""* #,##0_-;_-""* "-"_-;_-@_-,)'_-* #,##0_-;\-* #,##0_-;_-* "-"_-;_-@_-=,8_-""* #,##0.00_-;\-""* #,##0.00_-;_-""* "-"??_-;_-@_-4+/_-* #,##0.00_-;\-* #,##0.00_-;_-* "-"??_-;_-@_-" "#,##0;\-" "#,##0" "#,##0;[Red]\-" "#,##0 " "#,##0.00;\-" "#,##0.00% " "#,##0.00;[Red]\-" "#,##0.0083_-" "* #,##0_-;\-" "* #,##0_-;_-" "* "-"_-;_-@_-@;_-" "* #,##0.00_-;\-" "* #,##0.00_-;_-" "* "-"??_-;_-@_-"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + )       1 $ 1"t 1 4 1"4 1!4 1!t  1 ,   8   ( 1"4` 1"<  1"|@ 1 $@ @ 1 $@ @ 1 ,@ 1 ,@ 1#<@ 1 $@ 1 $@ 1 ,@ 1 $`@ 1 $`@ 1!|f@ @ 1!|f@ @ 1"|f@ @ 1!|@ 1!|@ 1!|`@ 1!|`@ 1!|f@ @ 1!|f@ @ 1!|@ @  !8@  !8@  !x@   x@  !8`@  !8`@  !x`@   x`@  !8@ @   8@  1!|@ 1!|@@  !8@@   8@@ 1"4@@ 1"4`@ 1"<@ 1"|@ 1"|`@ 1"|f@@  1"|@ 1"4@ 1"<@ 1"|f@@  "x@  "x`@  "8@  "8@@  ` @  `` 1!<@ 1!4` 1!4a`@ 1!4a@ 1!4af@ @  1!A DNA test to sex most birds. Molecular Ecology, 7, 1071-1075./ 12 MC Double (Leicester, UK)J Hay (SMGF - Durham, UK)M Berg («Ӱҵ, UK)M Eaton (SMGF - Durham, UK)Contact deta< ilsCurrent addressD.A.Dawson@«Ӱҵ.ac.ukSMGFName & previous addressGranada University, SpainKentucky University, USADurham University, UK«Ӱҵ University, UKEdinburgh University, UKLund University, SwedenNewcastle University, UKGroningen University, HollandH Bickle («Ӱҵ, UK)Cork University, IrelandRoyal Holloway, UKistew2@pop.uky.eduJ M Hay #simon.griffith@zoology.oxford.ac.ukManchester University, UKOxford University, UK*Francine Jury !A.Krupa (K L Fletcher "Marshall R $Nicky Green 0Graeme Buchanan 4MarkWilliam Wilson +Des Vanhinsbergh 'British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford+Steven Darby 'Juan Gabriel Martinez +B.Hatchwell@sheffield.ac.uk (Ben Hatchwell)*Henry Nicholls -Liv Wennerberg "M A Eaton 'Terry Burke #Douglas ROSS <9901698@sms.ed.ac.uk>$Mike Double 1Prof. Tim Birkhead 3Tiffany Treharne "Mathew Berg Alternative contactsPublished detailsThesisDawson et al (2001)Joah Madden's thesis3Emma Cunningham (Mallards)6Nick Davies (Reed Warblers)*angharad bickle A Dervan (Georgia, USA)Georgia University, USAAldabra drongoDicrurus (adsimilis) alabranus489agarose na - not applicable FieldfareTurdus pilaris518400Deborah Dawson, The NERC «Ӱҵ Molecular Genetics Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of «Ӱҵ, «Ӱҵ, S10 2TN, UKN.Ockendon@«Ӱҵ.ac.uk0"Richard Phillips" (Seabirds) Chionis albaGreater sheathbill30?15/15?JG Martinez («Ӱҵ, UK)'IRK Stewart («Ӱҵ & Kentucky, USA)fordana@mail.auburn.edu)Australian National University, AustraliaLeeds University, UK*Joah Madden (Bowerbirds)(Clive Catchpole david.richardson@zooekol.lu.se$Keith Hamer N Green («Ӱҵ, UK)D Richardson («Ӱҵ, UK)RC Marshall («Ӱҵ, UK)IRK Stewart («Ӱҵ, UK)N Ockendon («Ӱҵ, UK)L Wennerberg («Ӱҵ, UK)A Mee («Ӱҵ, UK)DJ Ross (SMGF - BAS, UK)DJ Ross (SMGF- BAS, UK)DJ Ross («Ӱҵ)3/213/14Blue tit Great tit571.1 White wagtailMotacilla alba673White winged chough Sand martin6 (3/3)7 (5/2)Barn owl16/85 (3/2)unscoreable (10)unscoreable (11)L Rowe («Ӱҵ, UK)528L Rowe (Oxford, UK)1029.Louise Rowe B Z-chromosome CHD1 polymorphism observed (see Dawson et al (2001))RSPB, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK!Allan Mee M Berg (Groningen, NL)L Rowe («Ӱҵ & Oxord, UKDJ Ross (SMGF - Cambridge, UK)#DJ Ross (SMGF - BAS, Cambridge, UK)&M Berg («Ӱҵ, UK & Groningen, NL) 108 (53/55)10 (5/5)6 (2/4)10 (7/3) 15 (15/0)38 (15/23) (Acryl)4 (2/2) (Acryl)4 (2/2) 16 (15/1) 23 (11/12)A listing of the birds sexed by PCR of the CHD1 region using the Griffiths et al (1998: P2/P8) or Fridolfsson and Ellegren (1999: 2550F/2718R) primers.600250Yellow wagtailMotacilla flava21 (8/13 - 0 controls) 107 (52/55)unscoreable (24)674DunnockPrunella modularis680 Yellow hammerEmberiza citrinella715 Corn buntingEmberiza calandra718.1718.2241.1241.2Ruff437 Meliphagidae Noisy minerManorina melanocephala552OxpeckerBuphagus erythyncusPhilomachus pugnax:D.A.Dawson@«Ӱҵ.ac.uk,fm_hunter@hotmail.com (Auklets)Order* Latin name*!*following Sibley and Monroe 1990RDistribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven.Sibley CG and Monroe BL (1990) unscoreable Parus speciesunscoreable (4) 42 (24/18)A Donald («Ӱҵ)Contact Email address.Buchanan, Graeme I Barr («Ӱҵ, UK)unscoreable (3/3)I.Barr@«Ӱҵ.ac.uktit (actual species unknown) 204 (97/107)** the P2/P8 PCR product sizes are such that resolution on agarose is probably possible (in house sparrow the P2/P8 PCR products sizes are male=350 bp and female=350 and 390 bp (Nancy Ockendon pers. comm.))^ the P2/P8 PCR product sizes are such that resolution on agarose is probably possible (in blue tit the P2/P8 PCR products sizes are male=320 bp and female=320 & 385 bp (Iain Barr pers. comm.))10 (5 M / 5 F)40 (15 M / 25 F)PCR product sizes (bp)M=350 F=350 & 390M=373&/377 F=373/377& 391M=365&/377 F=365/377 & 391M=373&/377 F=373/377 & 388M=373&/377 F=(373/)377 & 391604Zosterops luteus(Australian yellow white-eye (Silver-eye)J Chittock («Ӱҵ, UK)M=363 F=363 & 392j.chittock@sheffield.ac.ukR Buckland (SMGF - BAS, UK) (?/? - 0 controls)R Buckland (SMGF- BAS, UK)? Blue PetrelHalobaena caerulea Blue petrelSouth Georgia diving petrelPelecanoides georgicusCommon diving petrelPelecanoides urinatrixWilson's storm petrelOceanites oceanicusGarrodia nereisGrey-backed storm-petrelBlack-bellied storm-petrelFregetta tropicaWilson's storm-petrelM=353 F=353 & 392687Foudia sechellarumSeychelles fodyAmazona aestiva*Amazona amazonica*Amazona brasiliensis*Amazona farinosaAmazona kawalliAmazona ochrocephala*Amazona rhodocorythaAmazona ventralisAmazona xantholaemaAnodorhynchus leari* Ara ararauna* Ara macao*Ara rubrogenisAratinga acuticaudataAratinga auricapilla*Aratinga cactorumAratinga jandaya*Aratinga leucophthalmus*Aratinga weddelliBrotogeris chiririBrotogeris cyanopteraBrotogeris sanctithomaeCacatua goffiniCyanopsitta spixii*Diopsittaca nobilis*Guarouba guarouba*Myiopsitta monachusNymphicus hollandicusPionites leucogaster*Pionopsitta vulturinaPionus fuscus Pionus menstruus*Polytelis swainsonii*Propyrrhura couloniPsittacus erithacusPyrrhura frontalis*Pyrrhura perlataPyrrhura picta*Pyrrhura rhodogasterTriclaria malachitacea*Amazona albifronsAmazona autumnalisAmazona dufresnianaAmazona festivaAmazona leucocephalaAmazona pretrei*Amazona tucumanaAmazona vinacea*Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus* Ara ambiguaAra chloroptera* Ara militaris Ara severaAratinga aurea*Aratinga holochloraAratinga mitrata*Aratinga solstitialis*Bolborhynchus lineolaBrotogeris chrysopterusBrotogeris tiricaBrotogeris versicolurusCyanolyseus patagonus Deroptyus acciptrinus*Forpus xanthopterygius*Lorius garrulus*Nandayus nendayOrthopsittaca manilataPionites melanocephalaPionopsitta pileatta*Pionus maximilianiPoicephalus senegalusPropyrrhura auricollis*Propyrrhura maracana*Pyrrhura cruentataPyrrhura leucotisPyrrhura pfrimeriPyrrhura rhodocephalaSalvatoria xanthops10?108-133 RamphastidaePteroglossus aracariPteroglossus castanotisSelenidera maculirostris*Baillonus bailloniRhamphastos cuvieriRhamphastos toco*Rhamphastos vitellinusBlack-necked aracariChestnut-eared aracariSpot-billed toucanet7069Safron toucanet71 Toco toucanChannel-billed toucanRhamphastos dicolorusRed-breated toucanCuvier's toucanincluded known sexesSau Paulo, Brazil&Cristina Yumi Miyaki C Miyaki (Sau Paulo, Brazil)C Miyaki (Sau Paulo, Brazil)M=2 lower bands F= 3 bandsM=350 F=350 & 387M=357 F=357 & 391 M & F bands = very similar sizesM & F bands = similar sizes< 25 (10/15)unscoreable (22) 44 (22/22) 23 (15/8) 20 (11/9) 16 (6/10)feathers17 (9/8)"M=650, F=450 only (diff PCR cycle)M & F bands=very similar sizesM & F bands=similar sizesR Buckland (SMGF)M=320 F=320 & 385Black guillemot 25 (17/8)needs acrylamideunresolvable on agaroseM = 370 & F = 370 on agaroseunsccorable (27)feathers due 2002 M=655, F=455 & 655 (no controls)M=650 F=650 (same for M & F !)agarose=unscoreable (12)90 M=660, F=660 & 765 (band above!)M=660, F=475 only (no controls)M=655, F=445 & 655 (controls) M=680, F=680 & 780 !! (controls)M=660, F=475 & 660 (controls)!M=655, F=455 & 655 (3/3 controls)2 (1/1)$will be sexed in 2003 (no controls)!M=655, F=455 & 655 (1/1 controls) M=?, F=? to check (1/1 controls)!M=650, F=450 & 650 (no controls?)M=600, F=430 & 600 (controls)M=650, F=450 & 650 (controls)!will be sexed in 2003 (controls)2 & 2 feathers 24 (12/12)11 (6/5) 30 (14/16) 22 (9/13))M=455 F=455 (NO 655 band!) (3/2 controls)M=655, F=455 & 655 (controls)Blue-fronted amazon parrotOrange-winged amazon parrotRed-tailed amazon parrotMealy amazon parrotKawell's amazon parrotYellow-fronted amazon parrotRed-topped amazon parrotHispaniolan amazon parrotYellow-lored amazon parrotWhite-fronted amazon parrotRed-lored amazon parrotBlue-cheeked amazon parrotFestive amazon parrotCuban amazon parrotRed-spectacled amazon parrotTucuman amazon parrotVinaceous amazon parrotHyacinth macaw Lear's macawGreat green macawBlue and gold macawGreen-winged macaw Scarlet macawMilitary macawRed-fronted macaw Severe macawBlue-crowned conureGolden-capped conurePeach-fronted conure Cactus conureJendaya conureWhite-eyed conure Dusky conure Green conure Mitred conure Sun conureLineolated parakeetYellow-chevroned parakeetCobalt-winged parakeet Tui parakeetPlain parakeetCanary-winged parakeetGoffin's cockatoo Spix macawPatagoneon conureHawk-headed parrot Noble's macawBlue-winged parrotletQueen of Bavaria's conureChattering loryQuacker parakeet Nenday conure CockateilRed-bellied macawWhite-bellied caiqueBlack-headed caiqueRed-capped parrotVulturine parrot Dusky pionusMaximilian pionusBlue-headed parrotSenegal parrotBarraband parakeetAfrican grey parrotBlue-throated conureMarroon-bellied conureWhite-eared conurePearly parakeetPainted conureCrimson-bellied parakeetRose-headed parakeetBrazilian yellow-faced parrotPurple-bellied parrotBlue-headed MacawGolden-collared Macaw Illiger s macawPfrimer's Conure Golden-winged parakeetRamphocelus (carbo) bresilius749K Erven («Ӱҵ, UK)A Donald («Ӱҵ, UK)Brazilian tanagerK.Erven@«Ӱҵ.ac.uk50D Nogueira («Ӱҵ, UK)*University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazildenisemn@hotmail.com&Denise Noguiera "best=94C 30s, 50C 30s, 72C 30s x40M=350 F=350 & 388oA simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 30, 116-121.H` ce A critique of CHD-based molecular sexing protocols illustrated by a Z-chromosome polymorphism detected in auklets (Aves: Alcidae, Laridae). Molecular Ecology Notes, 1, 201-204.  3% agarose Resolved on (minimum bp difference)6% acrylamide 6% acrylamideacrylamide (ABI) (14bp)acrylamide (ABI) (11bp)unscorable ? (0bp)acrylamide (ABI)^ (65bp)acrylamide (ABI) (39bp)acrylamide (ABI) (29bp)acrylamide (ABI)** (40bp)acrylamide (ABI) (37bp)acrylamide (ABI) (34bp)acrylamide (ABI) (38bp)acrylamide required 2 (1 M, 2 F)M=364 & 364, F = 364 & 364Rhea359 (sex unknown) Vasa parrot118Coracopsis vasaGallus domesticus Gallus gallusJ Ekstrom («Ӱҵ, UK)Strigops hapbroptilusM = 374 & 374, F = 374 & 402Kakapo Tufted puffin266Fratercula cirrhataacrylamide (ABI) (?bp)Atlantic puffinFratercula arctica265.54M = 378 F = 378 & 402378 (unknown sex) GuillemotBrunnich's guillemotGuillemot (common murre))Brunnich's guillemot (thick-billed murre) Uria aalgae Uria lomviaAncient murreletSynthliboramphus antiquus264.1264.2 F = 378 & 402Ancient merreletacrylamide (ABI) (24bp) M = 377 F = 377& 40214acrylamide (ABI) (25bp)0 = unscoreable (ABI)acrylamide (ABI) (28bp) Western gullLarus occidentalisacrylamide (ABI) (34bp)Black-legged kittiwakeRissa tridactylaM = 365 F = 365 & 398M = 364 F = 364 & 398acrylamide (ABI) (33bp)261.1261.2 Faity tern Sterna nereisM = 379 F = 379 & 402acrylamide (ABI) (23bp) Fairy tern Brown noddy Black noddyAnous stolidus Anous minutus263.1263.2M = 378 F = 378 & 399acrylamide (ABI) (21bp)M = 356&/378 F = 356/378 & 399246Eurasian golden-ploverPluvialis apricariaacrylamide (ABI) (15bp)RookCorvus Frugilegus469M = 355 F = 355 & 391acrylamide (ABI)** (36bp)K Erven (Shfeffield, UK)M=350 F=350 & 391acrylamide (ABI)** (41bp)297White-tailed tropic bird PhaethontidaePhaethon lepturusM = 368 F = 368 & 382 & 391White-tailed tropic-birdM = 350 F = 350 & 385acrylamide (ABI)^ (35bp)5agarose^ (35bp)N Goodship («Ӱҵ, UK) 4 (2 M, 2F)40 (22 M, 18 F)"Rhea pennata (Pterocnemia pennata)Lesser rhea (Darwin's rhea)(24) no productsCardiff University, Uk*Nicola Goodship Nicola Goodship (SMGF, UK)&J.M.Ekstrom acrylamide (ABI) 4 (all M)I Barr (SMGF - BAS, UK)M = 370bp sexes unresolvable?M = 375 bp sexes unresolvable?M=647 (1 male control)DJ Ross (SMGF- BAS 2003, UK)14 feathers (3M, 11F)$ M=650, F=460 & 650 (1 male control)8 (7M, 1F) (ABI)$M=647, F=460 & 647 (3M, 1F controls)DJ Ross (SMGF- BAS 2002, UK) 32 (24/18)1 feather (female)F=650 & 450 (no controls) Shy albatross1 feather (male)M=650 (no controls) 6 (4M, 2F) M=655, F=485 & 655 (no controls)%M=655, F=485 & 655 (2F & 2M controls) R Buckland (SMGF - BAS 2003, UK)2 feathers (2 male) (ABI)R Buckland (SMGF- BAS 2003, UK)Saltwater crocodileR Buckland (SMGF, UK)2 (ABI)295 (no controls)J Pandhal (SMGF)M=338 F=338 & 379acrylamide (ABI) (41bp)M=340 F=340 & 3802% agarose (40bp)3% agarose (40bp)Rob Buckland (SMGF) Buteo buteoCommon buzzardF? = 391 386 & 388Madagascar Fish EagleHaliateetus vociferoidesR Tingay (SMGF - Nottingham)83 (M/F)(one band only in females) 5 (0M / 5F) 2 (1M /1F)8 (4/4)1 (1 F)1 (1M)-(no controls, but heaviest weight were males)Nottingham University, UK%Ruth Tingay 0Michele Clarke R Tingay (SMGF - Nottingham, UKAfrican Fish EagleHaliateetus vocifer Bald EagleHaliateetus albicillaHaliateetus leucocephalusWhite-tailed fish Eagle coming soonBuzzard6Spanish Imperial eagleAquila adalbertiM=693, F=461 only (ABI 3730)OspreyPandion haliaetusM=663 (ABI 3730).M=725-8, F=725-8 & 457-8 or F=457-8 (ABI 3730)Secretary birdSagittarius serpentarius Sagittariidae288Mauritius kestrelFalco punctatus291.3*M=729, F=729 & 457-8 or F=457-8 (ABI 3730) 20 (3M/4F)19 (M/F) 2 (1M/1F) 2 (1M/1F) 12 (4M/6F)White-tailed Sea EagleM=724, F=457 & 7249,(M=ca766, F=ca500 only (agarose) (controls))Jagroop Pandhal (SMGF)33 Blue duck 1=250, 2=467Peregrine falcon294Falco peregrinus'M = 655-6 only, F=468-9 only (ABI 3730) 4 (2M/2F)*M=724-5, F=724-5 & 457 or F=457 (ABI 3730)!F (presumed)=727 & 457 (ABI 3730)3M=691-2, F=691-2 & 458-9 or F=458-<9 only (ABI 3730)"M=688, F=688 & 458-9-60 (ABI 3730)5M =(presumably 688 only) , F=688 & 459-60 or 460 only3 (2F))F (presumed)=676 & 213 (ABI 3730) -error?M (presumed M) =658 (ABI 3730)Crocodylus porosus.F (presumed F) = 635 & 313 (both, no controls)M=361, F=361 & 393 (ABI3730)acrylamide (only for easy) 39 (14M 25F) 2 femalesF=359 & 389 (ABI3730)248Kentish ploverPluvialis alexandrinus 10 females F = 378 & 384 (ABI 3730)M = 378 F = 378 & 393 (ABI377)1 female F = 378 & 387 (ABI 3730) F = 378 & 383 (ABI 3730)'September 2001, Last Updated April 2005"Kate Meares, Kerusha Pillay (SMGF) F = 351 & 388acrylamide (ABI)^ (37bp)M = 351acrylamide (ABI)^Kea113Nestor notabilis 18 (12M, 4 F) Falco cherrug Saker falcon293acrylamide (ABI3730) 10 (M, & F)M = 404 F =404 & 424 Saker Falconunscorable on agarose&M = 1 band, F= 2 bands (easy to score)6 (2 M, & 4 F) M = 654, F= 654 & 467 (ABI 3730)(unscorable on agarose or acryl (M=656 ?)-M (presumed M) =658, F = 455 & 658 (ABI 3730)7clean product - single band on agarose (not run on ABI)119Poicephalus robustus"Cape parrot (Brown-necked parrot )no known sexesacrylamide (ABI3730) (26bp)K. Pillay (SMGF) Barraband PolytelisA. Krupa («Ӱҵ)131128129115Golden-crowned conureAratinga CoracopsisLesser vasa parrot109'M = 374, F = 374 & 400 (no known sexes)6presumed M = 600, presumed F=450 & 600, no known sexes 2 +3V3 4Kx445D567y8;9f9:;Y< +=V = > E?p ? @ A2ATBC+C=DhDEMFxG+GsHIG~II%JKDmKK 3L^LL(MSxMMzNOP(RSQSXaThUsWzXZS[Zt\{ ] $^+ ^ 0`7 ` b bb-d4 e'|gchj;iBjjkl`mg'n.o op~q*r1=x Fـ DhMI5mNe_|ߔ/ǿ  dMbP?_*+%MBhp deskjet 5100 series!@d߀ 4dBe4 d EXCELArialHBeںں\\UNCLEALBERT\hp deskjet 5100 series,LocalOnly,DrvConvert$*Kg`XX" .??U} I} !} !}  } m} } I} I} } $,} m} m} m Column A  ; ; ; ; ; ; @        0 J   !                  0 ;    6  x " % & &/ & G  Wv  W  WU  &/'()) I  Xw  X  XV)  *+,, O o   Z # B m , -... 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