@inproceedings{inproceedings, title  = {{Instantaneous torque estimation in sensorless direct torque controlled brushless DC motors}},

 url = {{}},

 year = {{2005}},

 month = {{1}},

 author = {{Liu Y and Zhu ZQ and Howe D}},

 journal = {{Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4}},

 pages = {{2140-2146}},

 note = {{Accessed on 2025/01/03}}}