@article{article, title  = {{Instantaneous torque estimation in sensorless direct-torque-controlled brushless DC motors}},

 url = {{}},

 year = {{2006}},

 month = {{9}},

 author = {{Liu Y and Zhu ZQ and Howe D}},

 doi = {{10.1109/TIA.2006.880854}},

 volume = {{42}},

 journal = {{IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications}},

 issue = {{5}},

 pages = {{1275-1283}},

 note = {{Accessed on 2025/01/03}}}